October 19
history,
- 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the invading Carthaginian army, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus in the Battle of Zama.
- 439 - The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in North Africa.
- 1216 - King John of England dies at Newark-on-Trent and is succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry.
- 1453 - The French recapture of Bordeaux brings the Hundred Years' War to a close, with the English retaining only Calais on French soil.
- 1466 - The Thirteen Years War ends with the Second Treaty of Thorn.
- 1469 - Ferdinand II of Aragon marries Isabella I of Castile, a marriage that paves the way to the unification of Aragon and Castile into a single country, Spain.
- 1512 - Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology (Doctor in Biblia).
- 1649 - New Ross town, Co. Wexford, Ireland, surrenders to Oliver Cromwell.
- 1781 - At Yorktown, Virginia, British commander Lord Cornwallis surrendered to a Franco-American force led by George Washington and the comte de Rochambeau, paving the way for the end of the American Revolutionary War.
- 1789 - Chief Justice John Jay is sworn in as the first Chief Justice of the United States.
- 1812 - Napoleon I of France retreats from Moscow.
- 1813 - The Battle of Leipzig concludes, giving Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats.
- 1822 - In Parnaíba; Simplício Dias da Silva, João Cândido de Deus e Silva and Domingos Dias declare the independent state of Piauí.
- 1864 - Battle of Cedar Creek - Union Army under Philip Sheridan destroys Confederate Army under Jubal Early.
- 1864 - Confederate raiders launch an attack on Saint Albans, Vermont from Canada.
- 1873 - Yale, Princeton, Columbia, and Rutgers universities draft the first code of American football rules.
- 1904 - Polytechnic University of the Philippines founded as Manila Business School through the superintendence of the American C.A. O'Reilley.
- 1912 - Italy takes possession of Tripoli, Libya from the Ottoman Empire.
- 1914 - The First Battle of Ypres begins.
- 1917 - Love Field in Dallas, Texas is opened.
- 1921 - Portuguese Prime Minister António Granjo and other politicians are murdered in a Lisbon coup.
- 1933 - Germany withdraws from the League of Nations.
- 1935 - The League of Nations places economic sanctions on fascist Italy for its invasion of Ethiopia.
- 1943 - Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University.
- 1944 - United States forces land in the Philippines.
- 1950 - The military of the People's Republic of China takes control of the town of Chamdo in eastern Tibet.
- 1954 - First ascent of Cho Oyu
- 1960 - The United States government places an embargo on Communist Cuba.
- 1969 - The first Prime Minister of Tunisia in twelve years, Bahi Ladgham, is appointed by President Habib Bourguiba.
- 1973 - President Richard Nixon rejects an Appeals Court demand to turn over the Watergate tapes.
- 1974 - Niue becomes self-govering colony of New Zealand
- 1976 - Battle of Aishiya in Lebanon.
- 1976 - The Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) is placed on the List of Endangered Species.
- 1983 - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada, is overthrown and executed in a military coup d'état led by Bernard Coard.
- 1986 - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique and a prominent leader of FRELIMO, and 33 others die when their Tupolev 134 plane crashes into the Lebombo Mountains.
- 1987 - In retaliation for Iranian attacks on ships in the Persian Gulf, the U.S. Navy disables three of Iran's offshore oil platforms.
- 1987 - (Black Monday) Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%, 508 points. This is considered a Stock Market Crash.
- 1989 - Guildford Four convictions are quashed by the Court of Appeal - they had spent 15 years in prison through a miscarriage of justice.
- 2001 - SIEV-X, an Indonesian fishing boat en-route to Christmas Island, carrying over 400 asylum seekers, sank in international waters with the loss of 353 people.
- 2003 - Mother Teresa is beatified by Pope John Paul II.
- 2004 - Myanmar prime minister Khin Nyunt is ousted and placed under house arrest by the SPDC on charges of corruption.
- 2004 - Care International aid worker Margaret Hassan is kidnapped in Iraq.
- 2005 - Saddam Hussein goes on trial in Baghdad for crimes against humanity.
- 2005 - Hurricane Wilma becomes the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum pressure of 882 mb.
- 2007 - Philippines. Amidst corruption controversies hounding the Arroyo administration, a bomb explosion rocked Glorietta 2, a shopping mall in Makati, which killed 11 and injured more than 100 people.
- 1276 - Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shogun (d. 1328)
- 1433 - Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (d. 1499)
- 1562 - Archbishop George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1633)
- 1582 - Dmitry Ivanovich, Russian Tsarevich (d. 1591)
- 1605 - Thomas Browne, English writer (d. 1682)
- 1610 - James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, English statesman and soldier (d. 1688)
- 1658 - Adolf Friedrich II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1704)
- 1680 - John Abernethy, Irish Protestant minister (d. 1740)
- 1688 - William Cheselden, English surgeon and anatomist (d. 1752)
- 1718 - Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie, Marshal of France (d. 1804)
- 1720 - John Woolman, American Quaker preacher and abolitionist (d. 1772)
- 1721 - Joseph de Guignes, French orientalist (d. 1800)
- 1784 - James Henry Leigh Hunt, English Romantic critic, essayist, and poet (d. 1859)
- 1784 - John McLoughlin, Canadian fur trader (d. 1857)
- 1810 - Cassius Marcellus Clay, American abolitionist (d. 1903)
- 1850 - Annie Smith Peck, American mountaineer (d. 1935)
- 1851 - Empress Myeongseong, Empress of Korea (d. 1895)
- 1858 - George Albert Boulenger, Belgian naturalist (d. 1937)
- 1862 - Auguste Lumière, French inventor (d. 1954)
- 1873 - Jaap Eden, Dutch skater and cyclist (d. 1925)
- 1873 - John Barton King, American cricketer (d. 1965)
- 1876 - Mordecai Brown, American baseball player (d. 1945)
- 1882 - Umberto Boccioni, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1916)
- 1885 - Charles Merrill, American investment banker (d. 1956)
- 1895 - Lewis Mumford, American historian (d. 1990)
- 1895 - Frank Durbin, last American veteran of the Battle of Verdun (d. 1999)
- 1896 - Bob O'Farrell, American baseball player (d. 1988)
- 1897 - Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Pakistani scientist and scholar (d. 1994)
- 1899 - Miguel Ángel Asturias, Guatemalan writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
- 1900 - Bill Ponsford, Australian cricketer (d. 1991)
- 1900 - Roy Worters, Canadian ice hockey goaltender (d. 1957)
- 1900 - Erna Berger, German soprano (d. 1990)
- 1901 - Arleigh Burke, American admiral (d. 1996)
- 1903 - Tor Johnson, Swedish wrestler and actor (d. 1971)
- 1907 - Roger Wolfe Kahn, American bandleader (d. 1962)
- 1908 - Geirr Tveitt, Norwegian composer (d. 1981)
- 1909 - Cozy Cole, American jazz drummer (d. 1981)
- 1909 - Marguerite Perey, French physicist (d. 1975)
- 1910 - Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Indian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
- 1910 - Paul Robert, French lexicographer and publisher (d. 1980)
- 1913 - Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian poet and songwriter (d. 1980)
- 1915 - Farid al-Atrash, Syrian composer, musician, and actor (d. 1974)
- 1916 - Jean Dausset, French immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- 1916 - Emil Gilels, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1985)
- 1918 - Charles Evans, British mountaineer, leader of the expedition that made the first ascent of Kangchenjunga in 1955 (d. 1995)
- 1920 - Pandurang Shastri Athavale, Indian philosopher (d. 2003)
- 1922 - Jack Anderson, American journalist (d. 2005)
- 1926 - Joel Feinberg, American moral philosopher (d. 2004)
- 1926 - Arne Bendiksen, Norwegian singer and songwriter
- 1931 - John le Carré, English novelist
- 1932 - Robert Reed, American actor (d. 1992)
- 1936 - Tony Lo Bianco, American actor
- 1936 - James Bevel, American activist
- 1937 - Peter Max, American artist
- 1937 - Marilyn Bell, Canadian swimmer
- 1940 - Michael Gambon, Irish actor
- 1941 - Simon Ward, British actor
- 1942 - Andrew Vachss, American author and attorney
- 1943 - Robin Holloway, British composer
- 1943 - Takis Ikonomopoulos, Greek footballer
- 1944 - Peter Tosh, Jamaican musician, political activist (d. 1987)
- 1944 - George McCrae, American soul singer
- 1945 - Divine, American actor (d. 1988)
- 1945 - Patricia Ireland, American attorney and feminist
- 1945 - John Lithgow, American actor
- 1945 - Jeannie C. Riley American country and gospel singer
- 1946 - Philip Pullman, English writer
- 1947 - Giorgio Cavazzano, Italian comic strip artist
- 1948 - Patrick Simmons, American musician
- 1949 - Lynn Dickey, American football player
- 1949 - Jamie McGrigor, British politician
- 1951 - Demetrios Christodoulou, Greek mathematical physicist, recipient of the Bôcher Memorial Prize
- 1952 - Verónica Castro, Mexican actress and singer
- 1954 - Joe Bryant, American basketball player
- 1954 - Sam Allardyce, English football manager
- 1954 - Deborah Blum, American writer
- 1955 - Melpo Kosti, Greek actress
- 1956 - Carlo Urbani, Italian physician (d. 1993)
- 1956 - Bruce Weber, American Basketball Coach
- 1956 - Didier Theys, Belgian racing driver
- 1957 - Ray Richmond, American columnist and critic
- 1957 - Karl Wallinger, Welsh musician
- 1957 - Doug Kirby, American author and travel guide
- 1958 - Tiriel Mora, Australian actor
- 1958 - Lou Briel, Puerto Rican singer and actor
- 1960 - Jonathan FeBland, English musician and artist
- 1961 - Sunny Deol, Indian actor
- 1962 - Tracy Chevalier, American author
- 1962 - Evander Holyfield, American boxer
- 1963 - Prince Laurent of Belgium
- 1964 - Jorge Luis Gonzales, Cuban-born American boxer
- 1965 - Brad Daugherty, American basketball player
- 1965 - Ty Pennington, American television carpenter
- 1966 - Roger R. Cross, Jamaican-born actor
- 1966 - Jon Favreau, American actor, writer and director
- 1966 - Sinitta, American singer
- 1967 - Yoko Shimomura, Japanese composer
- 1967 - Amy Carter, daughter of US President Jimmy Carter
- 1969 - Trey Parker, American cartoonist and actor
- 1969 - Erwin Sánchez, Bolivian footballer
- 1969 - DJ Sammy, Spanish DJ
- 1969 - John Edward, American TV Psychic
- 1970 - Chris Kattan, American comedian and actor
- 1972 - Keith Foulke, American baseball pitcher
- 1972 - Pras, American musician
- 1973 - Hicham Arazi, Moroccan tennis player
- 1973 - Joaquin Gage, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1976 - Joy Bryant, American actress
- 1976 - Omar Gooding, American actor
- 1976 - Desmond Harrington, American actor
- 1976 - Dan Smith, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1976 - Michael Young, baseball player
- 1977 - Louis-José Houde, Canadian stand-up comic
- 1977 - Jason Reitman, Canadian filmmaker
- 1977 - Raúl Tamudo, Spanish footballer
- 1978 - Enrique Bernoldi, Brazilian race car driver
- 1978 - James Roberts, British Ice Hockey Player
- 1978 - Zakhar Dubenskiy, Russian footballer
- 1978 - Henri Sorvali, Finnish musician
- 1979 - Brian Robertson, American trombonist
- 1979 - José Luis "Parejita" López, Mexican footballer
- 1980 - Benjamin Salisbury, American actor
- 1981 - Heikki Kovalainen, Finnish race car driver
- 1982 - Gonzalo Pineda, Mexican footballer
- 1989 - Miroslav Stoch, Slovakian footballer
- 1990 - Janet Leon, member of Swedish all-girl group Play
- 727 - Saint Frideswide
- 1187 - Pope Urban III
- 1216 - King John (b. 1167)
- 1432 - John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, English politician (b. 1392)
- 1587 - Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1541)
- 1608 - Martin Delrio, Flemish theologian and occultist (b. 1551)
- 1636 - Marcin Kazanowski, Polish politician
- 1682 - Thomas Browne, English writer (b. 1605)
- 1723 - Godfrey Kneller, German-born painter (b. 1646)
- 1745 - Jonathan Swift, Irish author (b. 1667)
- 1790 - Lyman Hall, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1724)
- 1813 - Józef Antoni Poniatowski, Polish prince and Marshal of France (friendly fire) (b. 1763)
- 1842 - Aleksey Koltsov, Russian poet (b. 1808)
- 1851 - Princess Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte (b. 1778)
- 1856 - William Sprague III, American politician from Rhode Island (b. 1799)
- 1889 - King Louis of Portugal (b. 1838)
- 1897 - George Pullman, American inventor and industrialist (b. 1831)
- 1901 - Carl Frederik Tietgen, Danish financier and industrialist (b. 1829)
- 1918 - Harold Lockwood, American actor (b. 1887)
- 1936 - Lu Xun, Chinese writer (b. 1881)
- 1937 - Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, New Zealand physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1871)
- 1943 - Camille Claudel, French sculptor (b. 1864)
- 1945 - Plutarco Elías Calles, President of Mexico (b. 1877)
- 1950 - Edna St. Vincent Millay, American poet (b. 1892)
- 1956 - Isham Jones, American musician (b. 1894)
- 1960 - George Wallace, Australian vaudevillian and film comedian (b. 1895)
- 1964 - Nettie Palmer, Australian poet and essayist (b. 1885)
- 1970 - Lázaro Cárdenas, President of Mexico (b. 1895)
- 1973 - Walt Kelly, American cartoonist (b. 1913)
- 1978 - Gig Young, American actor (b. 1913)
- 1983 - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada (b. 1944)
- 1985 - Alfred Rouleau, French Canadian businessman (b. 1915)
- 1986 - Dele Giwa, Nigerian journalist
- 1986 - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique (b. 1933)
- 1987 - Jacqueline Du Pré, English cellist (b. 1945)
- 1987 - Hermann Lang, German race car driver (b. 1909)
- 1988 - Son House, American musician (b. 1902)
- 1994 - Martha Raye, American comedian and actress (b. 1916)
- 1995 - Don Cherry, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1936)
- 1997 - Glen Buxton, American guitarist (b. 1947)
- 1999 - Nathalie Sarraute, Russian-born French writer (b. 1900)
- 1999 - James C. Murray, American politician (b. 1917)
- 2000 - Hortense Ellis, Jamaican reggae singer (b. 1941)
- 2003 - Alija Izetbegović, President of Bosnia-Herzegovina (b. 1925)
- 2003 - Margaret Murie, American conservationist (b. 1902)
- 2003 - Road Warrior Hawk, American professional wrestler (b. 1960)
- 2005 - Dallas Cook, American musician (Suburban Legends) (b. 1982)
- 2005 - Corinne Lévesque, wife of Quebec premier René Lévesque (b. 1943)
- 2006 - James Glennon, American cinematographer (b. 1942)
- 2007 - Dr. Randall Forsberg, American nuclear freeze advocate (b. 1943)
- 2007 - Michael Maidens, English footballer with Hartlepool United (b. 1987)
- 2007 - Jan Wolkers, Dutch writer (b. 1925)
- 2008 - Mr. Blackwell, American fashion critic (b. 1922)
- 2008 - Rudy Ray Moore, American comedian and actor (Dolemite) (b. 1937)
- Roman festivals - Armilustrium in honor of Mars
- Roman Catholic Saints - Saints Jean de Brébeuf, Isaac Jogues, and Companions; Saint Frideswide
- Also see October 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Albania - Mother Teresa Day.
- Brazil - Independence Day of State of Piauí
- Niue - Constitution Day in honour of the country's independence (self-governing in free association with New Zealand) in 1974.
- French Republican Calendar - Tomate (Tomato) Day, twenty-eighth day in the Month of Vendémiaire
- Aaron, a saint of the Coptic Church
- Hindu Festivals, Concluding of Navratri Festival of India. It is a nine day festival attributed to the Goddess Durga, the Supreme-Divine manifested in form of Mother. The 10th day, Hindus celebrate Dasara, the mark of Lord Rama's victory over demon Ravana - Goddess Durga Day.
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