October 1

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Events

• 331 BC – Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
• 959 – Edgar the Peaceable becomes king of all England.
• 1189 – Gerard de Ridefort, grandmaster of the Knights Templar since 1184, is killed in the Siege of Acre.
• 1787 – Russians under Alexander Suvorov defeat the Turks at Kinburn.
• 1791 – First session of the French Legislative Assembly.
• 1795 – Belgium is conquered by France.
• 1800 – Spain cedes Louisiana to France via the Treaty of San Ildefonso.
• 1811 – The first steamboat to sail the Mississippi River arrives in New Orléans, Louisiana.
• 1814 – Opening of the Congress of Vienna, intended to redraw the Europe's political map after the defeat of Napoléon the previous spring.
• 1827 – The Russian army under Ivan Paskevich storms Yerevan, ending a millennium of Muslim domination in Armenia.
• 1829 – South African College is founded in Cape Town, South Africa; it will later separate into the University of Cape Town and the South African College Schools.
• 1843 – The News of the World tabloid began publication in London.
• 1847 – German inventor and industrialist Werner von Siemens founds Siemens AG & Halske.
• 1854 – The watch company founded in 1850 in Roxbury by Aaron Lufkin Dennison relocates to Waltham, Massachusetts, to become the Waltham Watch Company, a pioneer in the American System of Watch Manufacturing.
• 1869 – Austria issues the world's first postcards.
• 1880 – John Philip Sousa becomes leader of the United States Marine Band.
• 1880 – First electric lamp factory opened by Thomas Edison.
• 1887 – Balochistan conquered by the British Empire.
• 1890 – The Yosemite National Park and the Yellowstone National Park are established by the U.S. Congress.
• 1891 – In the U.S. state of California, Stanford University opens its doors.
• 1898 – Czar Nikolay II expels Jews from major Russian cities.
• 1898 – The Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration is founded under the name k.u.k. Exportakademie.
• 1903 – Baseball: The Boston Americans play the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first game of the modern World Series.
• 1905 – František Pavlík is killed in a demonstration in Prague, inspiring Leoš Janáček to the piano composition 1. X. 1905.
• 1908 – Ford puts the Model T car on the market at a price of US$825.
• 1910 – Los Angeles Times bombing: A large bomb destroys the Los Angeles Times building in downtown Los Angeles, California, killing 21.
• 1918 – World War I: Arab forces under T. E. Lawrence (a/k/a "Lawrence of Arabia") capture Damascus.
• 1920 – Sir Percy Cox landed in Basra to assume his responsibilities as high commissioner in Iraq.
• 1926 – An oil field accident cost aviator Wiley Post his left eye, but he used the settlement money to buy his first aircraft.
• 1928 – The Soviet Union introduces its First Five-Year Plan.
• 1931 – The George Washington Bridge linking New Jersey and New York opens.
• 1936 – Francisco Franco is named head of the Nationalist government of Spain.
• 1937 – The Japanese city Handa is founded in Aichi Prefecture.
• 1938 – Germany annexes the Sudetenland.
• 1939 – After a one-month Siege of Warsaw, hostile forces entered the city.
• 1940 – The Pennsylvania Turnpike, often considered the first superhighway in the United States, opens to traffic.
• 1942 – USS Grouper torpedoes Lisbon Maru not knowing she is carrying British PoWs from Hong Kong
• 1942 – First flight of the Bell XP-59 "Aircomet".
• 1943 – World War II: Naples falls to Allied soldiers.
• 1946 – Nazi leaders sentenced at Nuremberg Trials.
• 1946 – Mensa International is founded in the United Kingdom.
• 1947 – The F-86 Sabre flies for the first time.
• 1949 – The People's Republic of China is declared by Mao Zedong.
• 1957 – First appearance of "In God We Trust" on U.S. paper currency.
• 1958 – NASA created to replace NACA.
• 1960 – Nigeria gains independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1961 – East and West Cameroon merge as Federal Republic of Cameroon.
• 1962 – First broadcast of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson
• 1964 – The Free Speech Movement is launched on the campus of University of California, Berkeley.
• 1964 – Japanese Shinkansen ("bullet trains") begin high-speed rail service from Tokyo to Osaka.
• 1965 – Apostasia of 1965, a political move in Greece designed to overthrow the Prime Minister, George Papandreou.
• 1965 – General Suharto crushes an attempted coup in Indonesia.
• 1966 – West Coast Airlines Flight 956 crashes with eighteen fatal injuries and no survivors 5.5 miles south of Wemme, Oregon. This accident marks the first loss of a DC-9.
• 1968 – The Guyanese government takes over the British Guiana Broadcasting Service (BGBS).
• 1969 – The Concorde supersonic transport plane breaks the sound barrier for the first time.
• 1971 – Walt Disney World opens near Orlando, Florida, United States.
• 1975 – The Seychelles gain internal self-government. The Ellice Islands split from Gilbert Islands and take the name Tuvalu.
• 1975 – Thrilla in Manila: Muhammad Ali defeats Joe Frazier in a boxing match in Manila, Philippines.
• 1978 – Tuvalu gains independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1978 – The Voltaic Revolutionary Communist Party is founded.
• 1979 – The United States returns sovereignty of the Panama canal to Panama.
• 1982 – Helmut Kohl replaces Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor of Germany through a Constructive Vote of No Confidence.
• 1982 – EPCOT Center opens at Walt Disney World near Orlando, Florida, United States.
• 1982 – Sony launches the first consumer compact disc player (model CDP-101).
• 1985 – The Israeli air force bombs PLO Headquarters in Tunis.
• 1987 – The Whittier Narrows earthquake shook the San Gabriel Valley, registering as a magnitude 5.9.
• 1989 – Denmark: World's first legal modern same-sex civil union called "registered partnership"
• 1991 – New Zealand's Resource Management Act 1991 commences.
• 1992 – Turkish destroyer TCG Muavenet (DM-357) crippled causing 27 deaths and injuries, by missiles negligently launched by U.S. aircraft carrier USS Saratoga.
• 1994 – Palau gains independence from the United Nations (trusteeship administered by the United States of America).
• 1998 – Vladimir Putin became a permanent member of the Security Council of the Russian Federation.

Births

• 1207 – King Henry III of England (d. 1272)
• 1507 – Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Italian architect (d. 1573)
• 1540 – Johann Jakob Grynaeus, Swiss Protestant clergyman (d. 1617)
• 1577 – Fidelis of Sigmaringen, Swiss friar, martyr, and saint (d. 1622)
• 1620 – Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem, Dutch painter (d. 1683)
• 1644 – Alessandro Stradella, Italian composer (d. 1682)
• 1671 – Guido Grandi, Italian mathematician (d. 1742)
• 1685 – Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1740)
• 1691 – Arthur Onslow, English politician (d. 1768)
• 1730 – Richard Stockton, American attorney, signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1781)
• 1760 – William Thomas Beckford, English writer and politician (d. 1844)
• 1771 – Pierre Baillot, French violinist and composer (d. 1842)
• 1791 – Sergei Aksakov, Russian writer (d. 1859)
• 1800 – Lars Levi Laestadius, Swedish-born botanist and founder of Laestadianism (d. 1861)
• 1835 – Ádám Politzer, Austrian physician (d. 1920)
• 1842 – Charles Cros, French poet and inventor (d. 1888)
• 1847 – Annie Besant, Theosophist and women's rights activist (d. 1933)
• 1865 – Paul Dukas, French composer (d. 1935)
• 1870 – Josiah Edward Spurr, American Geologist (d. 1950)
• 1878 – Othmar Spann, Austrian philosopher and economist (d. 1950)
• 1881 – William Boeing, American engineer (d. 1956)
• 1885 – Louis Untermeyer, American author (d. 1977)
• 1890 – Stanley Holloway, British actor (d. 1982)
• 1893 – Cliff Friend, American songwriter (d. 1974)
• 1893 – Yip Man, Martial Arts Master (d. 1972)
• 1896 – Ted Healy, American actor and comedian (d. 1937)
• 1899 – Ernest Haycox, American writer (d. 1950)
• 1900 – Tom Goddard, English cricketer (d. 1966)
• 1903 – Vladimir Horowitz, Ukrainian-American pianist (d. 1989)
• 1904 – Otto Robert Frisch, Austrian-born physicist (d. 1979)
• 1904 – A.K. Gopalan, Indian communist leader (d. 1977)
• 1907 – Ödön Pártos, Hungarian-Israeli violist and composer (d. 1977)
• 1909 – Maurice Bardèche, French fascist, (d. 1998)
• 1909 – Sam Yorty, Mayor of Los Angeles (d. 1998)
• 1910 – Bonnie Parker, American Outlaw Bonnie and Clyde (d. 1934)
• 1910 – Fritz Köberle, Austrian-born physician (d. 1983)
• 1910 – José Enrique Moyal, Australian mathematical physicist (d. 1998)
• 1912 – Kathleen Ollerenshaw, British mathematician
• 1913 – Helio Gracie, Martial Arts Master (d. 2009)
• 1914 – Daniel J. Boorstin, American historian, writer, and Librarian of Congress (d. 2004)
• 1917 – Cahal Daly, Cardinal Archbishop of Armagh (d. 2009)
• 1920 – Walter Matthau, American actor (d. 2000)
• 1921 – James Whitmore, American actor (d. 2009)
• 1922 – Kim Ki-young, South Korean film director (d. 1998)
• 1924 – Jimmy Carter, 39th President of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
• 1924 – William Rehnquist, 16th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 2005)
• 1925 – Bob Boyd, American baseball player (d. 2004)
• 1926 – Roger Williams, American pianist
• 1927 – Tom Bosley, American actor
• 1927 – Sandy Gall, Malaysian-born British journalist and newscaster
• 1928 – Laurence Harvey, Lithuanian-born actor (d. 1973)
• 1928 – George Peppard, American actor (d. 1994)
• 1928 – Willy Mairesse, Belgian racing driver (d. 1969)
• 1928 – Zhu Rongji, Chinese politician
• 1928 – Sivaji Ganesan, Indian Tamil actor (d. 2001)
• 1929 – Ken Arthurson, Australian rugby league identity
• 1930 – Frank Gardner, Australian racing driver
• 1930 – Richard Harris, Irish actor (d. 2002)
• 1930 – Naimatullah Khan, Pakistani politician
• 1930 – Philippe Noiret, French actor (d. 2006)
• 1931 – Sylvano Bussotti, Italian composer
• 1932 – Albert Collins, American guitarist (d. 1993)
• 1935 – Julie Andrews, British actress and singer
• 1935 – Petros Fyssoun, Greek actor
• 1936 – Duncan Edwards, English footballer (d. 1958)
• 1936 – Stella Stevens, American actress
• 1939 – George Archer, American golfer (d. 2005)
• 1939 – Geoffrey Whitehead, English actor
• 1942 – Jean-Pierre Jabouille, French race car driver
• 1943 – Jean-Jacques Annaud, French film director
• 1943 – Angèle Arsenault, Canadian singer and songwriter
• 1943 – Jerry Martini, American saxophonist (Sly & the Family Stone)
• 1945 – Rod Carew, Panamanian-born baseball player
• 1945 – Donny Hathaway, American soul musician and composer (d. 1979)
• 1945 – Ellen McIlwaine, American singer/songwriter
• 1945 – Spider Sabich, American skier (d. 1976)
• 1946 – Tim O'Brien, American writer
• 1947 – Aaron Ciechanover, Israeli biologist
• 1947 – Stephen Collins, American actor
• 1947 – Adriano Tilgher, Italian politician
• 1947 – Mariska Veres, Dutch singer (Shocking Blue) (d. 2006)
• 1948 – Cub Koda, American singer (Brownsville Station) (d. 2000)
• 1949 – Isaac Bonewits, American author
• 1950 – Randy Quaid, American actor
• 1950 – Jeane Manson, American singer and actress
• 1950 – Elpida, Greek singer and Eurovision contestant (Sokrati, Tora Zo)
• 1952 – Jacques Martin, Canadian ice hockey coach and executive
• 1953 – John Hegley, British poet
• 1953 – Pete Falcone, American baseball player
• 1953 – Grete Waitz, Norwegian athlete
• 1954 – Martin Strel, Slovenian swimmer
• 1955 – Howard Hewett, R & B Singer
• 1956 – Theresa May, British politician
• 1957 – Stelios Mainas, Greek actor
• 1958 – Masato Nakamura, Japanese musician
• 1959 – Youssou N'Dour, Senegalese singer
• 1961 – Gary Ablett, Australian rules footballer
• 1961 – Robert Rey, Brazilian-American plastic surgeon and television personality
• 1961 – Rico Constantino, American professional wrestler
• 1961 – Corrie van Zyl, former South African cricketer
• 1962 – Esai Morales, American actor
• 1962 – Paul Walsh, English footballer
• 1963 – Jean-Denis Délétraz, Swiss race car driver
• 1963 – Mark McGwire, American baseball player
• 1964 – Harry Hill, British comedian
• 1964 – Max Matsuura, Japanese record producer
• 1964 – Jonathan Sarfati, Australian-born chess player, scientist, and author
• 1965 – Andreas Keller, German field hockey player
• 1965 – Cindy Margolis, American model and spokesmodel
• 1965 – Cliff Ronning, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1965 – Ted King, American actor
• 1965 – Chris Reason, Australian journalist
• 1966 – Christopher Titus, American actor/comedian
• 1966 – George Weah, Liberian politician and footballer
• 1966 – Cuco Ziganda, Spanish footballer
• 1967 – Scott Young, American ice hockey player
• 1967 – Mike Pringle, American football player
• 1968 – Jon Guenther, American author
• 1968 – Rob Collard, British racing driver
• 1969 – Igor Ulanov, Russian hockey player
• 1969 – Zach Galifianakis, American comedian and actor
• 1969 – Ori Kaplan, Israeli jazz musician
• 1969 – Marcus Stephen, Nauruan weightlifter and politician, current President of Nauru
• 1970 – Gam Wu-seong, South Korean actor
• 1970 – Jung Joon-ho, South Korean actor and singer
• 1970 – Simon Davey, Barnsley football manager
• 1970 – Alexei Zhamnov, Russian ice hockey player
• 1971 – Andrew O'Keefe, Australian television personality
• 1971 – Song Il Gook, Korean actor
• 1971 – Gigi Lai, Hong Kong actress
• 1972 – Jean Paulo Fernandes, Brazilian footballer
• 1972 – Ronen Altman Kaydar, Israeli Author
• 1973 – Jana Henke, German swimmer
• 1973 – Rachid Chékhémani, French runner
• 1973 – John Thomson, American baseball player
• 1974 – Mats Lindgren, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1974 – Christian Borle, American actor
• 1974 – Keith Duffy, Irish singer (Boyzone) and actor
• 1974 – Sherri Saum, American actress
• 1975 – Chulpan Khamatova, Russian actress
• 1975 – Zoltán Sebescen, German footballer
• 1975 – Kim Suna, Korean actress
• 1976 – Antonio Roybal, American painter and sculptor
• 1976 – Denis Gauthier, Canadian hockey player
• 1976 – Dora Venter, Hungarian pornographic film actress
• 1976 – Ümit Karan, Turkish footballer
• 1977 – Jeffrey van Hooydonk, Belgian race car driver
• 1978 – Leticia Cline, American model and TV Personality
• 1979 – Cameron Bruce, Australian rules footballer
• 1979 – Rudi Johnson, American football player
• 1979 – Gilberto Martínez, Costa Rican footballer
• 1979 – Marko Stanojevic, English-born Italian rugby union footballer
• 1980 – Antonio Narciso, Italian footballer
• 1981 – Júlio Baptista, Brazilian footballer
• 1981 – Rupert Friend, British actor
• 1981 – Johnny Oduya, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1981 – Arnau Riera, Spanish footballer
• 1982 – Haruna Babangida, Nigerian footballer
• 1982 – Sandra Oxenryd, Swedish singer
• 1983 – Mirko Vučinić, Montenegrin footballer
• 1983 – Ashley Green, Yorkshire Author/Comic
• 1984 – Matt Cain, American baseball player
• 1984 – Daniel Guillén, Spanish footballer
• 1985 – Ryo Miyamori, Japanese singer
• 1985 – Nazimuddin Ahmed, Bangladeshi cricketer
• 1985 – Revazi Zintiridis, Greek judoka
• 1985 – Dizzee Rascal, English
• 1985 – Tim Deasy, English footballer
• 1986 – Justin Westhoff, Australian rules footballer
• 1986 – Jurnee Smollett, American actress
• 1986 – Sayaka, Japanese singer
• 1986 – Ricardo Vaz Tê, Portuguese footballer
• 1987 – Hiroki Aiba, Japanese actor, singer
• 1987 – Lionel Ainsworth, English footballer
• 1988 – Cariba Heine, Australian actress
• 1990 – Charlie Mcdonnell, English videoblogger
• 1997 – Sam Verlinden, Child singer and actor

Deaths

• 959 – King Edwy of England
• 1040 – Alan III, Duke of Brittany (poisoned) (b. 997)
• 1189 – Gerard de Ridefort, grandmaster of the Knights Templar
• 1310 – Beatrice of Burgundy, Lady of Bourbon (b. 1257)
• 1404 – Pope Boniface IX (b. 1356)
• 1499 – Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (b. 1433)
• 1500 – John Alcock, English Catholic bishop
• 1567 – Pietro Carnesecchi, Italian humanist (b. 1508)
• 1570 – Frans Floris, Flemish painter (b. 1520)
• 1574 – Marten Jacobszoon Heemskerk van Veen, Dutch painter (b. 1498)
• 1578 – Don John of Austria, military leader (b. 1547)
• 1588 – Blessed Edward James, Catholic martyr
• 1602 – Hernando de Cabezón, Spanish composer (b. 1541)
• 1609 – Gianmatteo Asola, Italian composer
• 1684 – Pierre Corneille, French author (b. 1606)
• 1693 – Pedro Abarca, Spanish theologian (b. 1619)
• 1708 – John Blow, British composer (b. 1649)
• 1768 – Robert Simson, Scottish mathematician (b. 1687)
• 1837 – Robert Clark, American politician (b. 1777)
• 1838 – Charles Tennant, Scottish chemist and industrialist (b. 1768)
• 1864 – Rose Greenhow, American Confederate spy (b. 1817)
• 1876 – James Lick, California land baron (b. 1796)
• 1885 – John Light Atlee, American physician and surgeon (b. 1799)
• 1901 – Abdur Rahman Khan, Afghan amir
• 1913 – Eugene O'Keefe, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (b. 1827)
• 1919 – Princess Charlotte of Prussia (b. 1860)
• 1929 – Antoine Bourdelle, French sculptor (b. 1861)
• 1942 – Ants Piip, Estonian Prime Minister (b. 1884)
• 1955 – Charles Christie, American film studio owner (b. 1880)
• 1958 – Robert Falk, Russian painter (b. 1886)
• 1959 – Enrico de Nicola, 1st President of the Italian Republic (b. 1877)
• 1970 – Raoul Riganti, Argentine racing driver (b. 1893)
• 1974 – Spyridon Marinatos, Greek archaeologist (b. 1901)
• 1975 – Al Jackson, Jr., American drummer (Booker T. & the M.G.'s) (b. 1935)
• 1984 – Walter Alston, American baseball player and manager (b. 1911)
• 1985 – E. B. White, American author (b. 1899)
• 1986 – Archie League, generally considered the first air traffic controller (b. 1907)
• 1988 – Sacheverell Sitwell, English writer (b. 1897)
• 1990 – Curtis LeMay, American Air Force general (b. 1906)
• 1992 – Petra Kelly, German politician (b. 1947)
• 1994 – Paul Lorenzen, German philosopher (b. 1915)
• 1996 – Pat McGeown, Provisional Irish Republican Army member (b. 1956)
• 1997 – Jerome H. Lemelson, American inventor (b. 1923)
• 1998 – Pauline Julien, French Canadian singer (b. 1928)
• 1999 – Lena Zavaroni, Scottish singer and Child star (b. 1963)
• 2000 – Robert Allen, American pianist and songwriter (b. 1928)
• 2000 – Reginald Kray, British gangster (b. 1933)
• 2001 – Guy Beaulne, French-Canadian actor and theatre director (b. 1921)
• 2001 – Kathleen Ankers, American scenic designer (b. 1919)
• 2002 – Walter Annenberg, American publisher and philanthropist (b. 1908)
• 2004 – Richard Avedon, American photographer (b. 1923)
• 2004 – Bruce Palmer, Canadian musician (Buffalo Springfield) (b. 1946)
• 2006 – Jerald Tanner, American religious activist (b. 1938)
• 2006 – André Viger, French Canadian wheelchair marathoner (b. 1952)
• 2007 – Chris Mainwaring, Australian rules footballer (b. 1965)
• 2007 – Harry Lee, Sheriff of Jefferson Parish, Louisiana (b. 1932)
• 2007 – Al Oerter, American track and field athlete (b. 1936)
• 2007 – Ned Sherrin, English broadcaster, author and stage director (b. 1931)
• 2007 – Ronnie Hazlehurst, English conductor and theme song composer (b. 1928)
• 2008 – John Biddle, American yachting cinematographer and lecturer (b. 1925)

Holidays and observances

• National Day of the People's Republic of China (1949)
• Republic of Cyprus – Independence Day (from Britain, 1960)
• Nigeria – Independence Day (from Britain, 1960)
• Tuvalu – Independence Day (from Gilbert Islands (Kiribati), 1975)
• Singapore – Children's Day
• Abai (martyr) in the Syrian Church
• International Day of Older Persons
• World Vegetarian Day (from North American Vegetarian Society, 1977)
• World Day of Music by the proposal of Yehudi Menuhin (1975)

Roman Catholic Church: :*Thérèse de Lisieux :*Saint Bavo :*Saint Remigius :*Blessed Edward James :*Saint Nicetius

External links

• »BBC: On This Day
• »On This Day in Canada