Johns Hopkins Hospital

history

The Johns Hopkins Hospital is the teaching hospital and biomedical research facility of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, located in Baltimore, Maryland (USA). It was founded using money from a bequest by philanthropist Johns Hopkins. The Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine are the founding institutions of modern American medicine and are the birthplace of numerous traditions including "rounds", "residents" and "housestaff".»http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/Psychiatry/education/residency_general/index.html The Johns Hopkins Hospital is the birthplace of many medical specialties including neurosurgery, urology, endocrinology, pediatrics,»http://www.hopkinschildrens.org/milestones-timeline.aspx»http://www.hopkinschildrens.org/tpl_rlinks.aspx?id=98 cardiac surgery»http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/stlm and child psychiatry.»"JHM History" Johns Hopkins Medicine, Accessed August 7, 2008.»http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/Psychiatry/about_us/_Psychiatry_Cent.pdf»http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/Psychiatry/child_adolescent/ It is widely regarded as one of the world's greatest hospitals.»Amazon.com: Here is My Hope: A Book of Healing and Prayer: Inspirational Stories of Johns Hopkins Hospital: Randi Henderson,Richard Marek: Books It has been ranked by U.S. News and World Report as the best overall hospital in America for 19 consecutive years.»"America's Best Hospitals 2008: Johns Hopkins Hospital" U.S. News & World Report, Accessed August 6, 2008.»http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/usnews/»http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/Press_releases/2009/07_16_09.html The hospital's main medical campus in East Baltimore is served by the easternmost station on the Baltimore Metro Subway.

History

Johns Hopkins, a Baltimore merchant and banker, left an estate of $7 million when he died on Christmas Eve 1873, at the age of seventy-eight. In his will, he asked that his fortune be used to found two institutions that would bear his name: "Johns Hopkins University" and "The Johns Hopkins Hospital." At the time that it was made, Hopkins' gift was the largest philanthropic bequest in the history of the United States. Toward the end of his life, Hopkins selected twelve prominent Baltimoreans to be the trustees for the project and a year before his death, sent a letter telling them that he was giving "thirteen acres of land, situated in the city of Baltimore, and bounded by Wolfe, Monument, Broadway and Jefferson streets upon which I desire you to erect a hospital." He wished for a hospital "which shall, in construction and arrangement, compare favorably with any other institution of like character in this country or in Europe" and directed his trustees to "secure for the service of the Hospital, physicians and surgeons of the highest character and greatest skill." Harvey, A.M., Brieger, G.H., Abrams, S. L., McKusick, V.A.,'' A Model of Its Kind, A Centennial History of Medicine at Johns Hopkins'', Johns Hopkins University Press (Baltimore) 1989.

Most importantly, Hopkins told the trustees to "bear constantly in mind that it is my wish and purpose that the »hospital shall ultimately form a part of the Medical School of that university for which I have made ample provision in my will." By calling for this integral relationship between patient care, as embodied in the hospital, and teaching and research, as embodied in the university, Hopkins laid the groundwork for a revolution in American medicine. Johns Hopkins' vision, of two institutions in which the practice of medicine would be wedded to medical research and medical education was nothing short of revolutionary.

Initial plans for the hospital were drafted by surgeon John Shaw Billings, and the architecture designed by John Rudolph Niernsee and completed by Edward Clarke Cabot of the Boston firm of Cabot and Chandler in a Queen Anne style.Dorsey, John & Dilts, James D., Guide to Baltimore Architecture (1997) p. 203-4. Tidewater Publishers, Centreville, Maryland ISBN 0-87033-477-8 When completed in 1889 at a cost of $2,050,000, the hospital included what was then state-of-the art concepts in heating and ventilation to check the spread of disease.

Many medical specialties were born at Johns Hopkins Hospital, including neurosurgery, urology, endocrinology, cardiac surgery»http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/stlm,pediatrics and child psychiatry.»"JHM History" Johns Hopkins Medicine, Accessed August 7, 2008.»http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/Psychiatry/about_us/_Psychiatry_Cent.pdf»http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/Psychiatry/child_adolescent/

Dr.William Stewart Halsted,the first chief of the Department of Surgery at the hospital when it opened in May 1889, established many other medical and surgical achievements at Johns Hopkins including modern surgical principles of control of bleeding, accurate anatomical dissection, complete sterility,the first radical mastectomy for breast cancer (before this time, such a diagnosis was a virtual death sentence). His other achievements included the introduction of the surgical glove and advances in thyroid, biliary tree, hernia, intestinal and arterial aneurysm surgeries.

Johns Hopkins also supported Dr Halstead in establishment the first formal surgical residency training program in the United States.

Additional medical achievements at Johns Hopkins include the first male-to-female sex reassignment surgery in the United States that took place in 1966 at the Hopkins Gender Identity Clinic. Two of the most far-reaching advances in medicine during the last 25 years were also made at Hopkins. First, the Nobel Prize-winning discovery of restriction enzymes gave birth to the genetic engineering industry. Second, the discovery of the brain's natural opiates has triggered an explosion of interest in neurotransmitter pathways and functions. Other accomplishments include the identification of the three types of polio virus and the first "blue baby" operation, which opened the way to modern heart surgery.»"JHM History" Johns Hopkins Medicine, Accessed August 7, 2008.

Rankings

In 2009, The Johns Hopkins Hospital was ranked as the top overall hospital in the United States for the 19th consecutive year by U.S. News & World Report.

U.S. News & World Report - 2009 Rankings by Medical Specialty

{| class="wikitable" |- !Specialty !Rank |- |Urology |1 |- |Ear, nose, and throat (Otolaryngology) |1 |- |Rheumatology |1 |- |Gynecology |2 |- |Ophthalmology |2 |- |Psychiatry |2 |- |Geriatrics |2 |- |Neurology and Neurosurgery |2 |- |Respiratory Disorders |3 |- |Endocrinology |3 |- |Digestive Disorders |3 |- |Cancer (Oncology) |3 |- |Heart and Heart Surgery |3 |- |General Pediatrics |4 |- |Orthopedics |5 |- |Kidney Disease |6 |- |Rehabilitation |16 |}

The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science at Johns Hopkins ranked as the top Radiology department within a hospital in the United States by Medical Imaging Magazine (most recent ranking in 2007).»http://www.imagingeconomics.com/issues/articles/MI_2007-04_01.asp

See also

References

External links

home | This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. See full license termsIt uses material from the Wikipedia article "Johns_Hopkins_Hospital ". | compliance | March 20th 2010