February 28

Events

• 202 BC – coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place, initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty's rule over China
• 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes.
• 1638 – The Scottish National Covenant is signed in Edinburgh.
• 1700 – Today is followed by March 1 in Sweden, thus creating the Swedish calendar.
• 1710 – In the Battle of Helsingborg, 14,000 Danish invaders under Jørgen Rantzau are decisively defeated by an equally sized Swedish force under Magnus Stenbock.
• 1780 – An earthquake hits Iran, causing 200,000 deaths and several damages.
• 1784 – John Wesley charters the Methodist Church.
• 1787 – The charter establishing the institution now known as the University of Pittsburgh is granted.
• 1827 – The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad is incorporated, becoming the first railroad in America offering commercial transportation of both people and freight.
• 1838 – Robert Nelson, leader of the Patriotes, proclaims the independence of Lower Canada (today Quebec)
• 1844 – A gun on USS Princeton explodes while the boat is on a Potomac River cruise, killing eight people, including two United States Cabinet members.
• 1849 – Regular steamboat service from the west to the east coast of the United States begins with the arrival of the SS California in San Francisco Bay, 4 months 22 days after leaving New York Harbor.
• 1854 – The Republican Party of the United States is organized in Ripon, Wisconsin.
• 1861 – Colorado is organized as a United States territory.
• 1870 – The Bulgarian Exarchate is established by decree of Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz of the Ottoman Empire.
• 1883 – The first vaudeville theater opens in Boston, Massachusetts.
• 1885 – The American Telephone and Telegraph Company is incorporated in New York State as the subsidiary of American Bell Telephone. (American Bell would later merge with its subsidiary.)
• 1897 – Queen Ranavalona III, the last monarch of Madagascar, is deposed by a French military force.
• 1900 – The Second Boer War: The 118-day "Siege of Ladysmith" is lifted.
• 1914 – The Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus is proclaimed in Gjirokastër, by the Greeks living in southern Albania.
• 1922 – The United Kingdom accepts the independence of Egypt.
• 1928 – C.V. Raman discovered Raman effect.
• 1933 – Gleichschaltung: The Reichstag Fire Decree is passed in Germany a day after the Reichstag fire.
• 1935 – DuPont scientist Wallace Carothers invents Nylon.
• 1939 – The first issue of Serbian weekly magazine Politikin zabavnik is published.
• 1939 – The erroneous word "Dord" is discovered in the Webster's New International Dictionary, Second Edition, prompting an investigation.
• 1940 – Basketball is televised for the first time (Fordham University vs. the University of Pittsburgh in Madison Square Garden).
• 1942 – The heavy cruiser USS Houston (CA-30) is sunk in the Battle of Sunda Strait with 693 crew members killed, along with HMAS Perth (D29) which lost 375 men.
• 1947 – 228 Incident: In Taiwan, civil disorder is put down with the loss of 30,000 civilian lives.
• 1953 – James D. Watson and Francis Crick announce to friends that they have determined the chemical structure of DNA; the formal announcement takes place on April 25 following publication in April Nature (pub. April 2).
• 1958 – A school bus in Floyd County, Kentucky hits a wrecker truck and plunges down an embankment into the rain-swollen Levisa Fork River. The driver and 26 children die in what remains the worst school bus accident in U.S. history.
• 1972 – Sino-American relations: The United States and People's Republic of China sign the Shanghai Communiqué.
• 1974 – After seven years, the United States and Egypt re-establish diplomatic relations.
• 1975 – A major tube train crash at Moorgate station, London kills 43 people.
• 1980 – Andalusia approves its statute of autonomy through a referendum.
• 1985 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army carries out a mortar attack on the Royal Ulster Constabulary police station at Newry, killing nine officers in the highest loss of life for the RUC on a single day.
• 1986 – Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden, is assassinated in Stockholm.
• 1991 – The first Gulf War ends.
• 1993 – Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms agents raid the Branch Davidian church in Waco, Texas with a warrant to arrest the group's leader David Koresh. Four BATF agents and five Davidians die in the initial raid, starting a 51-day standoff.
• 1995 – Denver International Airport officially opens in Denver, Colorado to replace Stapleton International Airport
• 1997 – The North Hollywood shootout takes place.
• 1998 – First flight of RQ-4 Global Hawk, the first unmanned aerial vehicle certified to file its own flight plans and fly regularly in U.S. civilian airspace.
• 1998 – Kosovo War: Serbian police begin the offensive against the Kosovo Liberation Army in Kosovo.
• 2001 – The Nisqually Earthquake measuring 6.8 on the Richter Scale hits the Nisqually Valley and the Seattle, Tacoma, and Olympia area of the U.S. state of Washington.
• 2001 – Six passengers and four railway staff are killed and a further 82 people suffer serious injuries in the Selby rail crash.
• 2004 – Over 1 million Taiwanese participating in the 228 Hand-in-Hand Rally form a 500-kilometre (300-mile) long human chain to commemorate the 228 Incident in 1947
• 2005 – Lebanon's pro-Syrian prime minister, Omar Karami, resigns amid large anti-Syria street demonstrations in Beirut.
• 2005 – A suicide bombing at a police recruiting centre in Al Hillah, Iraq kills 127.
• 2007 – Jupiter flyby of the New Horizons Pluto-observer spacecraft.

Births

• 1155 – Henry the Young King, son of Henry II of England (d. 1183)
• 1261 – Margaret of Scotland, queen of Norway (d. 1283)
• 1533 – Michel de Montaigne, French writer (d. 1592)
• 1552 – Joost Bürgi, Swiss clockmaker (d. 1632)
• 1573 – Elias Holl, German Architect (d. 1646)
• 1612 – John Pearson, English theologian (d. 1686)
• 1670 – Benjamin Wadsworth, American President of Harvard University (d. 1737)
• 1675 – Guillaume Delisle, French cartographer (d. 1726)
• 1683 – René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur, French scientist (d. 1757)
• 1704 – Louis Godin, French astronomer (d. 1760)
• 1712 – Louis-Joseph de Montcalm, French military commander (d. 1759)
• 1724 – George Townshend, 1st Marquess Townshend, British field marshal (d. 1807)
• 1812 – Berthold Auerbach, German poet and author (d. 1882)
• 1820 – John Tenniel, English illustrator (d. 1914)
• 1823 – Ernest Renan, French philosopher (d. 1892)
• 1824 – Blondin, French tightrope walker (d. 1897)
• 1833 – Alfred von Schlieffen, German field marshal (d. 1913)
• 1838 – Maurice Lévy, French engineer (d. 1910)
• 1840 – Henri Duveyrier, French explorer (d. 1892)
• 1841 – Adrien Albert Marie de Mun, French politician (d. 1914)
• 1851 – Samuel W. McCall, 47^th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1923)
• 1865 – Wilfred Grenfell, medical missionary (d. 1940)
• 1878 – Pierre Fatou, French mathematician (d. 1929)
• 1878 – Artur Kapp, Estonian composer (d. 1952)
• 1882 – Geraldine Farrar, American soprano (d. 1967)
• 1882 – José Vasconcelos, Mexican writer (d. 1959)
• 1882 – Pádraic Ó Conaire, Irish writer (d. 1928)
• 1894 – Ben Hecht, American playwright (d. 1964)
• 1895 – Marcel Pagnol, French novelist, playwright and film director (d. 1974)
• 1896 – Philip Showalter Hench, American physician, Nobel laureate (d. 1965)
• 1900 – Wolfram Hirth, German pilot (d. 1959)
• 1901 – Linus Pauling, American chemist and activist, Nobel laureate (d. 1994)
• 1903 – Vincente Minnelli, American film director (d. 1986)
• 1906 – Bugsy Siegel, American gangster (d. 1947)
• 1907 – Milton Caniff, American cartoonist (Terry and the Pirates, Steve Canyon) (d. 1988)
• 1908 – Billie Bird, American actress (d. 2002)
• 1908 – Alexander Golitzen, American art director (d. 2005)
• 1909 – Stephen Spender, English poet (d. 1995)
• 1911 – Otakar Vávra, Czech film director
• 1912 – Clara Petacci, Italian mistress of Benito Mussolini (d. 1945)
• 1915 – Ketti Frings, American Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright and screenwriter, (d. 1981)
• 1915 – Peter Medawar, Brazilian-born scientist, Nobel laureate (d. 1987)
• 1915 – Zero Mostel, American actor (d. 1977)
• 1916 – Cesar Climaco, Filipino politician (d. 1984)
• 1916 – Svend Asmussen, Danish jazz violinist
• 1917 – Ernesto Alonso, Mexican actor, director, cinematographer, and producer (d. 2007)
• 1918 – Alfred Burke, British actor
• 1921 – Pierre Clostermann, French World War II pilot (d. 2006)
• 1923 – Charles Durning, American actor
• 1926 – Svetlana Alliluyeva, Soviet defector, daughter of Joseph Stalin
• 1925 – Harry H Corbett, English actor (d. 1982)
• 1929 – Hayden Fry, American football coach
• 1929 – Frank Gehry, Canadian-American architect
• 1929 – John Montague, Irish poet
• 1929 – Joseph Rouleau, French Canadian bass opera singer
• 1930 – Leon Neil Cooper, American physicist, Nobel laureate
• 1930 – Bruce Dawe, Australian poet
• 1930 – Gavin MacLeod, American actor
• 1931 – Dean Smith, American basketball coach
• 1932 – Don Francks, Canadian actor
• 1933 – Robert Grondelaers, Belgian cyclist (d. 1989)
• 1933 – Miro Steržaj, Slovenian 9-pin bowler
• 1933 – Rein Taagepera, Estonian politician
• 1938 – Foge Fazio, American college football coach (d. 2009)
• 1939 – Daniel C. Tsui, Chinese-born physicist, Nobel laureate
• 1939 – Tommy Tune, American dancer
• 1940 – Mario Andretti, Italian-American race car driver
• 1940 – Joe South, American singer
• 1942 – Frank Bonner, American actor
• 1942 – Brian Jones, English musician (The Rolling Stones) (d. 1969)
• 1942 – Dino Zoff, Italian footballer
• 1943 – Barbara Acklin, American soul singer (d. 1998)
• 1943 – Charles Bernstein, American composer
• 1944 – Win Aung, Burmese politician
• 1944 – Kelly Bishop, American actress
• 1944 – Sepp Maier, German footballer
• 1945 – Bubba Smith, American football player and actor
• 1946 – Robin Cook, British politician (d. 2005)
• 1947 – Stephanie Beacham, English actress
• 1948 – Steven Chu, American physicist, Nobel laureate, U.S. Secretary of Energy-Designate
• 1948 – Mike Figgis, English director
• 1948 – Bernadette Peters, American actress and singer
• 1948 – Mercedes Ruehl, American actress
• 1951 – Bill Cratty, American modern dancer and choreographer (d. 1998)
• 1952 – William Finn, American composer
• 1953 – Ingo Hoffmann, Brazilian racing driver
• 1953 – Paul Krugman, American economist, Nobel laureate
• 1953 – Ricky Steamboat, American professional wrestler
• 1954 – Brian Billick, American football coach
• 1955 – Gilbert Gottfried, American comedian
• 1956 – Adrian Dantley, American basketball player
• 1956 – Jimmy Nicholl, Canadian-born Northern Irish footballer
• 1956 – Mike Tenay, American wrestling commentator
• 1956 – Guy Maddin, Canadian film director
• 1957 – Paul Delph, American musician and producer (d. 1996)
• 1957 – Ainsley Harriott, British celebrity chef
• 1957 – John Turturro, American actor
• 1957 – Cindy Wilson, American singer (The B-52's)
• 1958 – Natalya Estemirova, Russian activist (d. 2009)
• 1958 – Ginette Harrison, British mountaineer (d. 1999)
• 1958 – Jeanne Mas, French singer and actress
• 1960 – Dorothy Stratten, Canadian actress (d. 1980)
• 1961 – Rae Dawn Chong, Canadian actress
• 1961 – Mark Latham, Australian politician
• 1961 – René Simard, French Canadian singer and TV host
• 1961 – Eric Bachelart, Belgian racing driver
• 1963 – Claudio Chiappucci, Italian cyclist
• 1964 – Djamolidine Abdoujaparov, Uzbekistan cyclist
• 1964 – Fernando del Valle, American tenor
• 1964 – Lotta Lotass, Swedish writer, member of the Swedish Academy
• 1965 – Park Gok-ji, South Korean film editor
• 1966 – Paulo Futre, Portuguese footballer
• 1967 – Colin Cooper, English footballer
• 1968 – Stéphan Lebeau, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1969 – Butch Leitzinger, American race car driver
• 1969 – Robert Sean Leonard, American actor
• 1969 – Tor Øivind Ødegaard, Norwegian track runner
• 1969 – Patrick Monahan, American singer (Train)
• 1970 – Daniel Handler, American writer, better known as Lemony Snicket
• 1970 – Noureddine Morceli, Algerian athlete
• 1971 – Maxine Bahns, American actress
• 1971 – Tristan Louis, American writer
• 1971 – Junya Nakano, Japanese composer
• 1971 – Peter Stebbings, Canadian actor
• 1972 – Rory Cochrane, American actor
• 1973 – Eric Lindros, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1973 – Nicolas Minassian, French racing driver
• 1973 – Masato Tanaka, Japanese professional wrestler
• 1974 – Lee Carsley, Irish footballer
• 1974 – Moana Mackey, New Zealand politician
• 1974 – Tangi Miller, American actress
• 1975 – Mike Rucker, American football player
• 1976 – Ali Larter, American actress and model
• 1976 – Adam Pine, Australian swimmer
• 1976 – Guillaume Lemay-Thivierge, Canadian actor
• 1977 – Jason Aldean, American country singer
• 1978 – Jeanne Cherhal, French singer-songwriter
• 1978 – Yasir Hameed, Pakistani cricketer
• 1978 – Benjamin Raich, Austrian Olympic skier
• 1978 – Jamaal Tinsley, American basketball player
• 1978 – Mariano Zabaleta, Argentine tennis player
• 1979 – Michael Bisping, English mixed martial artist
• 1979 – Sébastien Bourdais, French racing driver
• 1979 – Ivo Karlović, Croatian tennis player
• 1979 – Primož Peterka, Slovenian ski jumper
• 1980 – Pascal Bosschaart, Dutch footballer
• 1980 – Lucian Bute, Romanian-born Quebec boxer
• 1980 – Piotr Giza, Polish footballer
• 1980 – Tayshaun Prince, American basketball player
• 1981 – Brian Bannister, American baseball player
• 1981 – Florent Serra, French tennis player
• 1982 – Natalia Vodianova, Russian supermodel
• 1984 – Ben Fagan, American musician and reality show contestant
• 1984 – Karolína Kurková, Czech supermodel
• 1985 – Fefe Dobson, Canadian singer
• 1985 – Jelena Janković, Serbian tennis player
• 1987 – Kerrea Gilbert, English footballer
• 1988 – Markéta Irglová, Czech songwriter and actress
• 1991 – Sarah Bolger, Irish actress
• 2007 – Princess Lalla Khadija of Morocco

Deaths

• 1261 – Henry III, Duke of Brabant (b. c.1230s|1230)
• 1326 – Duke Leopold I of Austria (b. 1290)
• 1453 – Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine (b. 1400)
• 1485 – Niclas, Graf von Abensberg, German soldier (b. 1441)
• 1510 – Juan de la Cosa, Spanish cartographer and explorer
• 1525 – Cuauhtémoc, Aztec ruler
• 1572 – Aegidius Tschudi, Swiss historian (b. 1505)
• 1621 – Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1590)
• 1648 – King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway (b. 1577)
• 1746 – Hermann von der Hardt, German historian (b. 1660)
• 1786 – John Gwynn, English architect and engineer (b. 1713)
• 1788 – Thomas Cushing, American Continental Congressman (b. 1725)
• 1857 – André Dumont, Belgian geologist (b. 1809)
• 1869 – Alphonse de Lamartine, French writer and poet (b. 1790)
• 1891 – George Hearst, American businessman and US Senator (b. 1820)
• 1916 – Henry James, American writer (b. 1843)
• 1925 – Friedrich Ebert, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1871)
• 1929 – Clemens von Pirquet, Austrian physician (b. 1874)
• 1932 – Guillaume Bigourdan, French astronomer (b. 1851)
• 1935 – Chiquinha Gonzaga, Brazilian composer (b. 1847).
• 1936 – Charles Nicolle, French bacteriologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1866)
• 1941 – King Alfonso XIII of Spain (b. 1886)
• 1942 – Karel Doorman, Dutch admiral (b. 1889)
• 1956 – Emile Buisson, French murderer (executed) (b. 1902)
• 1959 – Maxwell Anderson, American playwright and film writer (b. 1888)
• 1963 – Rajendra Prasad, First President of India (b. 1884)
• 1966 – Jonathan Hale, Canadian-born actor (b. 1891)
• 1967 – Henry Luce, American publisher (b. 1898)
• 1974 – Bobby Bloom, American singer/songwriter (b. 1946)
• 1977 – Eddie 'Rochester' Anderson, American actor (b. 1905)
• 1978 – Philip Ahn, American actor (b. 1905)
• 1978 – Zara Cully, American actress (b. 1892)
• 1978 – Eric Frank Russell, English author (b. 1905)
• 1979 – Paul Alverdes, German writer (b. 1897)
• 1985 – David Byron, English singer (Uriah Heep) (b. 1947)
• 1985 – Ray Ellington, English singer (b. 1916)
• 1986 – Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1927)
• 1986 – Laura Z. Hobson, American novelist (b. 1900)
• 1991 – Reinhard Bendix, German sociologist (b. 1916)
• 1991 – Wassily Hoeffding, American statistician (b. 1914)
• 1993 – Ishiro Honda, Japanese film director (b. 1911)
• 1993 – Ruby Keeler, Canadian actress and dancer (b. 1910)
• 1998 – Dermot Morgan, Irish actor and comedian (b. 1952)
• 1998 – Arkady Shevchenko, Soviet diplomat (b. 1930)
• 1999 – Christine Glanville, British puppeteer (b. 1924)
• 2002 – Mary Stuart, American actress (b. 1926)
• 2002 – Helmut Zacharias, German violinist (b. 1920)
• 2003 – Chris Brasher, English athlete (b. 1928)
• 2003 – Dinos Dimopoulos, Greek film director and screenwriter (b. 1921)
• 2003 – Fidel Sánchez Hernández, President of El Salvador (b. 1917)
• 2003 – Roger Michael Needham, British cryptographer (b. 1935)
• 2003 – Rudolf Kingslake, English optical engineer (b. 1903)
• 2004 – Daniel J. Boorstin, American historian, writer, and Librarian of Congress (b. 1914)
• 2004 – Carmen Laforet, Spanish writer (b. 1921)
• 2004 – Andres Nuiamäe, Estonian soldier (b. 1982)
• 2006 – Owen Chamberlain, American physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1920)
• 2007 – Baron Charles Forte, Italian-born hotelier (b. 1908)
• 2007 – Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. American historian and political commentator (b. 1917)
• 2007 – Billy Thorpe, Australian musician (Billy Thorpe & the Aztecs) (b. 1946)
• 2008 – Mike Smith, English musician (The Dave Clark Five) (b. 1943)
• 2009 – Paul Harvey, American radio broadcaster (b. 1918)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day
  • Abercius (martyr)
  • Hilarius
  • Mar Abba
  • Oswald of Worcester
  • Romanus of Condat
  • Rufinus
  • February 28 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Day 3 of Ayyám-i-Há (Intercalary Days); days in the Bahá'í calendar devoted to service and gift giving. (Bahá'í Faith)
• Kalevala Day, the day of Finnish Culture. (Finland)
• Peace Memorial Day, commemorating the 228 Incident. (Taiwan)

External links

• »BBC: On This Day
• »On This Day in Canada