1838

Year 1838 (MDCCCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1838

January 10 – A fire destroys Lloyd's Coffee House and the Royal Exchange in London.
April 8 – Regular Atlantic steamship service begins with the SS Great Western.
April 30 – Nicaragua declares independence from the Central American Federation (See Nicaragua's early history).
May
- The People's Charter is drawn up in the United Kingdom, demanding universal suffrage.
- Lord Durham and his entourage arrive in Upper Canada to investigate the cause of the 1837 rebellion in that province. This leads to Durham submitting the Durham Report to Britain.
- An insurrection breaks out in Tizimín, beginning the campaign for the independence of Yucatan from Mexico.
May 26 – USA: The Cherokee Tribe is forcibly relocated in the Trail of Tears.
May 28 – Braulio Carrillo is sworn in as Head of State of Costa Rica, thus beginning his second term in office.
June 10 – 28 Aborigines are killed in the Myall Creek Massacre.
September 7 – Grace Darling and her father rescue 13 survivors from the SS Forfarshire.
October 1 – Supporters of Infante Carlos, Count of Molina, are victorious in the Battle of Maella during the First Carlist War.
November 3 – The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce is founded (later renamed The Times of India in 1861).
November 5 – The Central American Civil War begins with Honduras' separation from the Central American Federation.
December – Pastry War: Mexico is invaded by French forces.

Proteins are discovered by Jöns Jakob Berzelius.
Friedrich Bessel makes the first accurate measurement of distance to a star.
Women in Pitcairn are the first in the world to obtain and maintain the right to vote.»"World suffrage timeline – women and the vote", New Zealand Ministry of Culture and Heritage
Biblical criticism: Christian Hermann Weisse proposes the two-source hypothesis.
Duke University is established in North Carolina.
40,000 chests of opium are sold in China.
Chatsworth Head acquired by the 6th Duke of Devonshire at Smyrna from H.P. Borrell.

January 4 – General Tom Thumb, American circus performer and entertainer (d. 1883)
January 6 – Max Bruch, German composer (d. 1920)
January 16 – Franz Brentano, German philosopher and psychologist (d. 1917)
February 6 – Henry Irving, English actor (d. 1905)
February 10 – Gustav Oelwein, founder of Oelwein, Iowa (d. 1913)
February 16 – Henry Brooks Adams, American historian (d. 1918)
February 18 – Ernst Mach, Austrian physicist and philosopher (d. 1916)
March 3 – George William Hill, American astronomer (d. 1914)
March 11 – Ōkuma Shigenobu, Japanese politician (d. 1922)
April 3 – John Willis Menard, African-American politician (d. 1893)
April 12 – John Shaw Billings, M.D., American military and medical leader (d. 1913)
April 16 – Martha McClellan Brown, American temperance movement leader (d. 1916)
April 28 – Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1913)
April 21 – John Muir, American ecologist (d. 1914)
May 10 – John Wilkes Booth, American actor and assassin (d. 1865)
May 20 – Jules Méline, French statesman (d. 1925)
June 14 – Yamagata Aritomo, Japanese Prime Minister (d. 1922).

July 8 – Ferdinand von Zeppelin, German military officer and founder of the Zeppelin Company (d. 1917)
September 2 – Liliuokalani of Hawai'i, last Queen of Hawaii (d. 1917)
September 27- Lawrence Sullivan Ross, Confederate brigadier general, Texas governor, and president of Texas A&M University (d. 1898)
October 6 – Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Italian patriot and writer (d. 1910)
October 25 – Georges Bizet, French composer (d. 1875)
October 31 – King Luis I of Portugal (d. 1889)
November 7 – Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, French writer (d. 1889)
November 20 – Hedvig Raa-Winterhjelm, pioneer actor (d. 1907)
December 3 – Cleveland Abbe, American meteorologist (d. 1916)
December 19 – Khedrup Gyatso, 11th Dalai Lama (d. 1856)
December 20 – Edwin Abbott Abbott, theologian and author (d. 1926)
December 30 – Émile Loubet, 7th President of France (d. 1929)
Jamal-al-Din Afghani, teacher and writer (d. 1897)

January 3 – Prince Maximilian of Saxony (b. 1759)
January 5 – Anthony Van Egmond, rebel leader in Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837 {died in jail}
February 21 – Silvestre de Sacy, linguist (b. 1758)
March 13 – Poul Martin Møller, philosopher (b. 1794)
April 3 – François Carlo Antommarchi, French physician (b. 1780)
April 6 – José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, Brazilian statesman and naturalist (b. 1763)
April 9 – Piet Uys, Voortrekker leader (in battle) (b. 1797)
May – Francisco Gómez, president of El Salvador (b. 1796)
May 17 – Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, French diplomat (b. 1754)
May 19 – Richard Colt Hoare, English archaeologist (b. 1758)
June 14 – Maximilian von Montgelas, Bavarian statesman (b. 1759)

July 19 – Christmas Evans, preacher (b. 1766)
August 17 – Lorenzo Da Ponte, librettist for Mozart (b. 1749)
August 21 – Adelbert von Chamisso, German writer (b. 1781)
September 1 – William Clark, American explorer (b. 1770)
September 27 – Bernard Courtois, French chemist (b. 1777)
October 1 – Charles Tennant, Scottish chemist and industrialist (b. 1768)
October 3 – Black Hawk, Sauk Indian Chief and autobiographer (b. Saukenuk village - now Rock Island, Illinois 1767)
November 21 – Georges Mouton, count of Lobau, Marshal of France (b. 1770)

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